{"id":1061,"date":"2021-12-31T05:36:45","date_gmt":"2021-12-31T05:36:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/?p=1061"},"modified":"2025-03-25T02:11:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T02:11:31","slug":"joshua-pettit-of-essex-co-nj-smallpox-and-clinker-lots-part-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/2021\/12\/31\/joshua-pettit-of-essex-co-nj-smallpox-and-clinker-lots-part-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"Joshua Pettit of Essex Co., NJ:  Smallpox and Clinker Lots (Part III)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>If Joshua Pettit was in jail for his debts, once his balance was paid he would be a free man. There didn&#8217;t appear to be too much social stigma attached to being imprisoned for debts.\u00a0 In fact, several well-to-do persons found themselves jailed for insolvency.\u00a0 This would later include men like Revolutionary War hero &#8220;Light Horse&#8221; Harry Lee who spent a year in jail in Virginia <em>after<\/em> he helped secure freedom for the nation in the American Revolution.\u00a0 Similarly, the Joshua Pettit who fell on hard times was at one time a trusted member of the community.\u00a0 He was called upon on August 15, 1759, to assist <strong>Thomas Baker<\/strong> with the inventory of the estate of a deceased soldier by the name of <strong>Oliver Cushman<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are some interesting Essex County family ties involving the three people mentioned in Cushman&#8217;s estate papers: Pettit, Cushman, and Baker.<\/p>\n<p>First, let us look at the record\u00a0 itself.\u00a0 Then we will explore the connections.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/Oliver-Cushman-Joshua-Pettit-will-1759-Essex-Co.-NJ.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1020 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/Oliver-Cushman-Joshua-Pettit-will-1759-Essex-Co.-NJ-1024x174.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/Oliver-Cushman-Joshua-Pettit-will-1759-Essex-Co.-NJ-1024x174.png 1024w, https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/Oliver-Cushman-Joshua-Pettit-will-1759-Essex-Co.-NJ-300x51.png 300w, https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/Oliver-Cushman-Joshua-Pettit-will-1759-Essex-Co.-NJ-768x130.png 768w, https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/Oliver-Cushman-Joshua-Pettit-will-1759-Essex-Co.-NJ.png 1285w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>As seen above, <strong>Joshua Pettit<\/strong> helped <strong>Thomas Baker<\/strong> inventory the estate of <strong>Oliver<\/strong> <strong>Cushman<\/strong> on August 15,1759.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thomas Baker<\/strong> also witnessed the 1769 will of<strong> Benjamin Pettit Sr<\/strong>. who lived in Turkey (later renamed New Providence).<\/li>\n<li>This <strong>Thomas Baker&#8217;s<\/strong> son, <strong>William Baker<\/strong>, married a woman named<strong> Rachel Valentine <\/strong>and they lived in New Providence.<\/li>\n<li>This <strong>Rachel Valentine<\/strong> was the daughter of <strong>Richard Valentine <\/strong>(brother of I<strong>chabod Valentine Sr.<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>William Baker&#8217;s<\/strong> will in 1787 was witnessed by a <strong>Benjamin Pettit<\/strong> (probably Benj. Pettit III).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Benjamin Pettit Jr&#8217;s<\/strong> estate was inventoried in October of 1757 by <strong>Richard Valentine<\/strong> and <strong>William Jones.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>A <strong>Thomas Cushman<\/strong> was a witness to the will of <strong>Hannah Valentine<\/strong>, wife of <strong>Ichabod Valentine<\/strong> brother of <strong>Richard Valentine<\/strong> in 1766.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Thus it would seem the Pettit, Baker, and Valentine families were loosely bound and there was some sort of association with the Cushmans as well.\u00a0 Sadly, it appears some of these bonds would be tragically separated around the time Joshua Pettit found himself in jail.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Smallpox Creeps Into Essex Co<\/h2>\n<p>Wills and inventories for Essex County residents for the years 1765-1767 suggest there was a shadow of death on the land due to the variola virus, or, what was commonly called &#8220;smallpox&#8221;.\u00a0 This horrible killer cut a murderous path through the Valentine family in 1766.<\/p>\n<p>Ichabod Valentine and Richard were brothers.\u00a0 Richard married Phebe Haines and they had Jonah, Ephraim, Obadiah, Phebe, Mary, Elizabeth, and twins Rachel and Sarah.\u00a0 Richard owned land near the Pettits (which we will explore in a bit). He died, presumably of smallpox, on March 10, 1766.\u00a0 It is very possible he contracted the disease while visiting his brother Ichabod and his family.\u00a0 Ichabod died on February 28, 1766.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1179\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/richard-valentine-grave-nj-pettitresearch.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1179\" class=\"wp-image-1179 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/richard-valentine-grave-nj-pettitresearch-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/richard-valentine-grave-nj-pettitresearch-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/richard-valentine-grave-nj-pettitresearch-684x1024.jpg 684w, https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/richard-valentine-grave-nj-pettitresearch-768x1150.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/richard-valentine-grave-nj-pettitresearch-1026x1536.jpg 1026w, https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/richard-valentine-grave-nj-pettitresearch.jpg 1281w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1179\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Valentine grave from findagrave.com<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Richard Valentine, brother Ichabod, Ichabod&#8217;s wife Hannah, and their daughter Elizabeth all died in February and March of 1766.\u00a0 After the death of three people in the Ichabod Valentine household, an inventory of the estate was eventually conducted.\u00a0 The administrator for the estate of Ichabod Valentine had listed all items and their values including, in a eerie nonchalant manner,\u00a0 &#8220;.<span style=\"color: #339966;\">..<\/span><em><span style=\"color: #339966;\">the bed on which the small pox was<\/span>.<\/em>&#8221;\u00a0 There is little question this deadly disease claimed their lives and may have permanently scarred the other members of the household &#8211;literally.<\/p>\n<p>Ichabod had married Hannah Stanberry and their known children were Ichabod Jr. and Elizabeth.\u00a0 There is a very good possibility there were others but their names are unknown at this time. Ichabod Valentine Sr., Hannah, and their daughter Elizabeth made out or revised their final wills within days of each other in February and March of 1766.\u00a0 In Hannah&#8217;s will, the grandchildren of Ichabod and Hannah Valentine are mentioned as <strong>Rhoda Valentine<\/strong>, <strong>Sarah Pettit<\/strong>, and <strong>Bartholomew Pettit<\/strong>.\u00a0 Who these Pettit grandchildren were, who they belonged to and what happened to them is an unsolved mystery.<\/p>\n<p>During this time period, the usual practice was to distribute the estate to living children.\u00a0 If any child was deceased, the heirs of that child (ie grandchildren) would then be included. It would be somewhat unusual for special provisions to be made for grandchildren if their parents were living.\u00a0 Exceptions to this practice did exist, of course.\u00a0 An exception might be if the grandchild&#8217;s father was imprisoned for debt.\u00a0 In that situation, passing assets to the free mother of the child would result in their immediate forfeiture to the creditors.\u00a0 Passing them to the minor grandchildren thereby making it effective when they come of age would likely circumvent this and ensure that the assets made it into the hands of the appropriate heirs.<\/p>\n<p>One possible scenario is this Joshua Pettit married a daughter of Ichabod and Hannah Valentine.\u00a0 When smallpox tore through the county, his wife may have succumbed to the disease leaving him with two small children, Sarah and Bartholomew to tend to.\u00a0 He may have found himself in debt shortly thereafter in late 1765 and been imprisoned by the time the Valentine wills were revised in February and March of 1766.\u00a0 This is, of course, pure conjecture and researchers are encouraged to not pass this theory along without properly noting it as such.\u00a0 It is equally possible these children belonged to some other Pettit father and may have had no connection to Joshua Pettit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>The Valentine Land and Benjamin Pettit Land<\/h2>\n<p>There is nothing currently known that proves or disproves a link between Joshua Pettit and the Valentine family though they were certainly in the same social circles and seem to have all resided in the same area at or near Scotch Plains.\u00a0 A more precise location can be determined by referencing a book written in 1852 which gives some amazing details of the land of Richard Valentine and Benjamin Pettit.\u00a0 According to <em>The First Settler of Passaic Valley<\/em> by John Littell:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Richard Valentine owned lots 35 and 44 of the Elizabethtown lots and lived on lot No. 44&#8230; This lot contained 184 acres and extended over the Mountain and adjoined Peter Wilcox&#8217;s tract; lying west of it.\u00a0 It also adjoined the [Benjamin] Pettit tract No. 45 lying west of Valentine&#8217;s.\u00a0 He married Phebe Haines and died 10th March, 1766 aged 63 years; his widow, Phebe, married William Miller, of Westfield, and after her death she returned to her former homestead on Stony Hill&#8230; [page 455]<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>Benjamin Pettit, Esq came from New Rochelle, in the State of New York, to Passaic Valley, and by deed dated 31st December, 1729, purchased 105 acres of land of Jona Calre; he also purchased 100 acres adjoining and lying west of the other tract, and between that and Nathaniel Smith&#8217;s tract and both adjoining the River&#8230; [p319]<\/blockquote>\n<p>The lots mentioned are what are commonly referred to as the Elizabethtown &#8220;Clinker Lots&#8221;.\u00a0 The word &#8220;lot&#8221; is a bit of a misnomer.\u00a0 The majority of these were not town lots laid out in little blocks as is typical in many modern urban locations.\u00a0 Most of these were large irregularly shaped tracts lying well outside the town proper.\u00a0 Many contained a hundred acres or more.<\/p>\n<p>The Richard Valentine land &#8220;extended over the mountain&#8221;.\u00a0 This would probably have been the Second Mountain.\u00a0 &#8220;The First Mountain&#8221; (a.k.a. The First Watchung Mountain, a.k.a. The Blue Hills) is the first set of hills to the west of the Green Brook.\u00a0 &#8220;The Second Mountain&#8221; (a.k.a. Second Watchung) is the set of hills west of that.\u00a0 Beyond the second mountain is a small set of hills called &#8220;Stony Hill&#8221; which can be identified on modern maps by locating the head waters of the Stony Brook.\u00a0 West of the Stony Hills is the Passiac River. The map below gives a good rough sketch of the area in question:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1210\" style=\"width: 691px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/1st-2nd-mountain-and-stony-hill-essex-county-1750-NJ-pettiresearch.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1210\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1210\" src=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/1st-2nd-mountain-and-stony-hill-essex-county-1750-NJ-pettiresearch.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"681\" height=\"393\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1210\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1750 Essex Co., NJ map showing 1st &amp; 2nd Mountain, and Stony Hill. (CLICK TO ENLARGE)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Scotch Plains (shown above) was originally the low fertile area east of the First Mountain by where the Green Brook came out of the mountain pass to the northwest.\u00a0 The Valentine lot would have included part of Stony Hill and part of the Second Mountain. As mentioned above, the Benjamin Pettit tract (lot 45) was west of Valentine&#8217;s tract.\u00a0 Also nearby, according to Littell&#8217;s book, was land of Thomas Baker Jr., Peter Wilcox, and Nathaniel Smith as well as land in the Day and Badgley families.\u00a0 The Day&#8217;s married into the Benjamin Pettit family and the Badgleys married into the Valentine family.\u00a0 The majority of these families lived close to Scotch Plains but actually just a bit west of there.\u00a0 Their lands were in the hills and the valley between the first and second hills.\u00a0 Benjamin Pettit&#8217;s tract, for example butted up to the Passiac River and stretched back east towards Stony Hill.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1222\" style=\"width: 578px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/Benj-Pettit-Long-Island-Thomad-Carle.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1222\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1222\" src=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/Benj-Pettit-Long-Island-Thomad-Carle.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/Benj-Pettit-Long-Island-Thomad-Carle.png 568w, https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/12\/Benj-Pettit-Long-Island-Thomad-Carle-300x135.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1222\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benjamin Pettit land description in 1852 book by John Little<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The Shotwells were nearby but were not over the mountain.\u00a0 According to Littell&#8217;s history, they were down at the Green Brook on the road between Scotch Plains and Plainsfield (called &#8220;The Plains Neighborhood&#8221; on the 1750 map above).<\/p>\n<p>In a later article, these families and their interesting connections will be thoroughly explored.\u00a0 For now, we know these people lived in roughly the same neighborhood as Joshua Pettit.\u00a0 It is important to keep in mind that these families owned large tracts of 100 or more acres each.\u00a0 As such, what would seem like a great distance between houses in modern times of 1\/2 mile or so, was merely the standard distance between farms for this colonial society.\u00a0 The locations of their family lands stretched over multiple mountains and valleys.\u00a0 We know roughly where this was and also know the location of the Shotwell land which narrows our search area down immensely.\u00a0 Though the land records of the Pettits have not been found, the records of these other families will allow us to finally home in on Joshua Pettit&#8217;s own little piece of Essex County.<\/p>\n<p>The final article in this series can be found here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/2021\/12\/31\/joshua-pettit-of-essex-co-nj-on-the-map-part-iv\/\">Joshua Pettit of Essex Co., NJ: On the Map (Part IV)<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 900px;\" src=\"https:\/\/flarum-as-comments.pettitresearch.com\/discussions\/73\" frameborder=\"0\"><span style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Valentine family was decimated by smallpox in the late winter of 1766.  Two minor Pettit grandchildren were named as heirs.  The Valentine, Baker, Osborn and Pettit families lived very near each other in the Stony Hill and Scotch Plains area near the Green Brook.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":980,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[215,31,35,101,214,97,98,72,212,213],"class_list":["post-1061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essex-co-nj","tag-benjamin-pettit","tag-essex-co-nj","tag-green-brook","tag-hardy-co-va","tag-ichabod-valentine","tag-joshua-pettit-1734","tag-pettit-spartanburg-co-sc","tag-scotch-plains","tag-smallpox","tag-valentine-family"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Joshua Pettit of Essex Co., NJ: Smallpox and Clinker Lots (Part III)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The inventory of Ichabod Valentine&#039;s estate listed all items and their values including, \u00a0 &quot;...the bed on which the small pox was.&quot;\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/2021\/12\/31\/joshua-pettit-of-essex-co-nj-smallpox-and-clinker-lots-part-iii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Joshua Pettit of Essex Co., NJ -- Smallpox and Clinker Lots\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The administrator for the estate of Ichabod Valentine had listed all items and their values including, in a eerie nonchalant manner,\u00a0 &quot;...the bed on which the small pox was.&quot;\u00a0The Pettit and Valentine connection...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"The administrator for the estate of Ichabod Valentine had listed all items and their values including, in a eerie nonchalant manner,\u00a0 &quot;...the bed on which the small pox was.&quot;\u00a0The Pettit and Valentine connection...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pettitresearch.com\/familyhistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2021\/08\/joshua-pettit-of-essex-co-nj-scotch-plains-do-we-know-the-man.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Brandon\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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